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ELECTRICITY REMAINS AS THE UNIVERSAL SOURCE OF ENERGY...
According to the results of the survey, 14.6 million households or 87.6 percent of the 16.6 million households used electricity during the period October 2003 to September 2004 (Table 1). This was 3.6 percentage points higher compared to the recorded level of 10.8 million households in 1995, which comprised 83.9 percent of the total 12.8 million households.
From 1995 to 2004, the number of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) household users doubled in number from 4.2 million households to 8.6 million households; an increment from the ratio of one in every three households in 1995 to a ratio of one in every two households in 2004.
In 2004, a total of 1.9 million households and 551 thousand households used gasoline and diesel, respectively, for power generation and transportation. On the other hand, 55 thousand households each used gasoline and diesel for power generation in 1995.
Among the conventional types of fuel, kerosene became less popular, registering a decrease of 23.6 percentage points from 79.9 percent in 1995 to 56.3 percent in 2004.
MORE HOUSEHOLDS PREFERRED THE USE OF CONVENTIONAL FUEL...
Based on the results of the survey, there was a shift in the household's preference on the source of energy from non-conventional to conventional types of fuel. Specifically, the proportion of households using fuelwood reduced from 63.5 percent to 55.3 percent; the proportion of households using charcoal from 38.5 percent to 34.2 percent; and those using biomass residues had the biggest decrease from 29.2 percent to 18.9 percent. It reflected the more accessibility of supply of petroleum products such as LPG under oil deregulated condition.
Although the incidence of fuelwood usage decreased, more than half of the total households still used fuelwood in 2004.
ELECTRICITY WAS WIDELY USED ACROSS INCOME CLASS...
Among the types of fuel, electricity registered the greatest proportion of household users, ranging from 90 percent to 98 percent, across the income class except in the lowest range of less than P5,000 average family income (Table 2). Approximately 80 percent of the households whose average family monthly income was less than P5,000 used kerosene and/or fuelwood.
Next to electricity, LPG was recorded as the next fuel used by most of the households in the higher income groups of P10,000 to P14,999 (73.1%), P15,000 to P24,999 (85.2%) and P25,000 and over (89.7%).
The charcoal was used by more than one-fourth but less than one-half of the households across the income class.
The proportion of households using gasoline and diesel went up in proportion with the family income. The number of gasoline users more than doubled compared to diesel users for all income class.
As the household income class increased, the level of kerosene, fuelwood and biomass residues users declined.
FUEL USE
ELECTRICITY
Electricity provided lighting to 92.1 percent of the 14.6 million households who reported to be users of electricity (Table 3). Eighty percent of the electricity users used fluorescent lamps with an average annual consumption of 132 KWh; 53.4 percent used incandescent lamps, an average of 79 KWh; and 36.9 percent used compact fluorescent lamps, an average of 63 KWh (Table 4). Sixteen percent of the households used other lamps such as Christmas lights, tiffany and neon lights, which consumed around 2.8 KWh per month or 34 KWh for the whole year.
The second major use of electricity was for household recreation as reported by 85.4 percent of the total household electricity users. Among the electric appliances for household recreation, colored television recorded the biggest usage at 80.4 percent. The use of VHS, betamax, laser disc, DVD or CD ranked second with 24.7 percent of household electricity users. Only a few (4.0 percent) used black and white TV for viewing. In terms of average annual consumption, each household consumed about 210 KWh for colored TV; 92 KWh for black and white TV; and 55 KWh for VHS, betamax, laser disc, DVD or CD.
Listening to music was enjoyed by almost one in every five households using the stereo, cassette or radio. On the average, each household consumed 243 KWh for stereo, 79 KWh for cassette and 80 KWh for radio. Likewise, karaoke or music mate was used more frequently on a longer period of time by 12.8 percent of the households as can be seen by a higher average consumption of 399 KWh.
More than half of the households used electricity for space cooling (66.6%) and ironing (51.3%). For space cooling, 99.4 percent used electric fan consuming about 296 KWh per year, while 8.8 percent used air conditioner consuming about 3,914 KWh which is about 12 times as much as that of electric fan. Flat iron, on the other hand, consumed about 95 KWh during the year.
Forty percent of the households claimed that they used electricity for refrigeration- either through the use of an ordinary or frost-free refrigerator which usually consumes around 1,000 KWh to 1,500 KWh annually, or through the use of a freezer which consumes around 2,400 KWh.
About 27 percent used washing machine for laundry which, on the average, comprised 100 KWh of their total annual consumption.
The use of electricity for cooking and food preparation was reported by 15.8 percent of the electricity users. The rice cooker was the most common cooking equipment registering an annual consumption of 223 KWh.
LPG
Overall, 853 million kilograms of LPG were used by 8.6 million households during the period under study (Table 6). Almost 100 percent of households used LPG for cooking while 12 percent used it for heating water for bathing. About 0.3 percent used this fuel for lighting and other uses.
On the average, a household consumed about three-fourths of an 11 kilogram LPG tank per month or about 99 kilograms or nine 11- kilogram LPG tanks per year.
GASOLINE AND DIESEL
Ninety-eight percent of the 1.9 million households used gasoline for transportation. Likewise, 87.7 percent of the 551 thousand households who are using diesel used it for the same purpose.
For power generation, the percentage of households using diesel was higher than that of the gasoline (4.9 percent compared to 1.0 percent, respectively).
KEROSENE
Majority of the 9.4 million households (77.6%) used kerosene for lighting. The uses of kerosene for fire starting and cooking comprised about 40 percent and 15 percent, respectively.
A total of 480 million liters of kerosene were consumed during the study period. This is equivalent to an average of 4.2 liters of kerosene per household per month or 51 liters of kerosene for the year.
FUELWOOD, CHARCOAL AND BIOMASS RESIDUES
Generally, fuelwood, charcoal and biomass residues were used for cooking and food preparation as reported by majority of the households using these types of fuel.
Ninety-nine percent of the 9.2 million households using fuelwood, 88.1 percent of the 5.7 million households using charcoal, and 86.0 percent of the 3.2 million households using biomass residues used them for cooking and food preparation.
About 10 percent of the households using fuelwood heated or boiled water for bathing. This use was also reported by 6.6 percent of the households using charcoal and 4.8 percent of those using biomass residues.
Both charcoal and biomass residues were utilized for ironing although the former (18.8%) was more widely used than the latter (2.8%).
Almost 14 percent used biomass residue for other uses such as space warming.
FUEL SOURCE AND MODE OF ACQUISITION
Majority of the households (89.7 percent) sourced their electricity from distribution utilities, industry or business, electric cooperatives and neighboring households (Table 7). About 64 percent of the household electricity users also sourced their electricity through dry cell battery, storage battery and generator.
The households usually bought the LPG tank which they normally picked-up from the stores or dealers (80.0%) and kerosene from the nearby retail stores (79.9%). In most cases, the distance of the stores was less than 250 meters away from the households' residence (Table 8).
Generally, the households themselves collected or gathered the fuelwood (85.5%) either from their own property, other private property or government land. About 90 percent of the households produced the biomass residues that they used while some 87 percent purchased the charcoal.
COOKING FUEL SWITCHING
In the survey, both the primary and secondary cooking fuel used by 16.6 million households were asked. Of this number, 16.2 million households or 97.3 percent cooked anytime from October 2003 to September 2004 while 445 thousand households or 2.7 percent did not cook anytime during the month of September 2004.
Of the 16.2 million households who cooked anytime during the period under study, 353 thousand households or 2.2 percent switched their primary cooking fuel (Table 9). In October 2004, majority of these households (7.0 million or 43.3%) were LPG users who switched to charcoal and fuelwood (Table 10). In September 2004, however, this number decreased to 6.9 million households or 42.4 percent declining by about one percentage point during the past 12 months. The decline was not surprising when 92.6 percent of the total LPG users cited that the reasons for their fuel switching were high cost (91.2%), underfilling (19.4%), unavailability (8.0%) and inaccessibility (7.6%) (Table 11).
About the same proportion of households who previously used electricity as their primary cooking fuel switched to LPG, kerosene and fuelwood instead.
The main reasons for switching to another primary cooking fuel were the increased price of their previous primary cooking fuel (93.8%), change in family income (77.6%) and availability of new cooking fuel (76.7%). Other reasons were convenience of use of the new fuel as claimed by 69.1 percent of the households and more than half (54.9%) cited that they moved to another place.
USE OF NON-CONVENTIONAL FUEL TECHNOLOGIES
Only few households utilized other non-conventional fuel technologies such as coconut oil (0.3%), biogas (0.2%), photovoltaic (0.1%), solar water heater (0.1%) and other technologies e.g. kalburo, coal and candles (0.6%).
LABELING PROGRAM
As to the awareness of the households on the government's lighting and appliance labeling program, 1.7 million households or 10.2 percent of the total households responded positively. The rest admitted that they had no knowledge on the labeling program.
Eighty-three percent of those who were aware of the lighting and appliance labeling program considered awareness as a factor in purchasing their appliances and lighting system.
NATURAL GAS
Out of the 16.6 million households, a total of 1.7 million households were aware of the natural gas as fuel.
Of this number, more than two in every three households were aware that the natural gas can be used for cooking, heating or cooling and can even replace LPG, kerosene and electricity.
Likewise, more than half wanted natural gas to be delivered in pipes like the water; were willing to have natural gas installed in their homes; and agreed that natural gas is a clean fuel. Forty-six percent knew that natural gas is safe to use.
On the contrary, 63.0 percent of those who were not aware of natural gas were willing to learn about it.
| (Sgd.) CARMELITA N. ERICTA Administrator |
TECHNICAL NOTES:
The 2004 Household Energy Consumption Survey (HECS) is a nationwide survey of households undertaken by the National Statistics Office (NSO) in collaboration with the Department of Energy (DOE). It gathers data on household energy consumption, application and other relevant factors affecting such consumption. This is the third in a series of surveys conducted by the office since 1989. The second survey was conducted in 1995.
Unlike in the previous surveys, the 2004 HECS adopted the 2003 New Master Sample. The 2003 MS consists of 2,826 primary sampling units (PSUs) of which 330 were certainty PSUs and 2,496 were non-certainty PSUs. The entire MS with approximately 51,000 sample households was divided into four sub-samples or independent replicates. The survey, being a half-sample, covered not less than 25,000 households nationwide.
Source: National Statistics Office
Manila, Philippines
