Literacy, Education and Mass Media

Technical Notes on the 1994 Functional Literacy, Education and Mass Media Survey (FLEMMS)

The 1994 FLEMMS was conducted in response to the government’s program of “Eradicating Illiteracy in the Year 2000” through Memorandum Circular No. 71, issued by President Fidel V. Ramos on September 7, 1993. This circular is basically geared towards intensifying, strengthening and consolidating efforts of all sectors of the society to deliver literacy and the necessary intervention to priority Filipinos especially those in the depressed, disadvantaged and underserved areas.

Out-of-School Youth

The proportion of youth population 7-24 years old who were out of school and those who were unemployed and have not graduated from college increased by 852 thousand, from 3.0 million in 1989 to 3.8 million in 1994. See Tables D1 and D2. Like the data on youth enrollment, the outcome of OSYs could have also been affected by some seasonalities brought about by the differences in the months the two surveys were conducted. Another possible factor was the onset of the harvest season.

Functional Literacy

Of the country’s 48.0 million population 10 to 64 years old in 1994, about 40.2 million or 83.8 percent were found to be functionally literate. Comparing this with the 1994 simple literacy rate of 95.0 percent, accounting for 45.6 million 10-64 years old population, this means that 1 out of 9 Filipinos who can read and write (simple literate) cannot compute or actually deficient in numeracy skills (functionally illiterate).

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